Investment and Retirement Planning Essay

Presentation †¢ Retirement is where an individual isn't in any sort of work/business/occupation. †¢ This generally stumbles over arriving at a decided age, when states of being don't permit the individual to work any more. †¢ Retirement could likewise be because of individual decision either because of satisfactory benefits or individual investment funds or because of a normal unmerited pay like premium, rents and so on. †¢ The retirement age changes from nation to nation however it is by and large somewhere in the range of 55 and 70. †¢ Certain employments, which are of hazardous nature or of exhausting nature, may have a previous retirement age. Backing and Funds †¢ Retired people bolster themselves either through superannuation, annuities, reserve funds or through family (procuring youngsters), as in Indian families. †¢ In some different nations the legislature gives the annuity advantage to every one of its residents. Retirement Planning †¢ Retirement money related arranging alludes to an assortment of frameworks, strategies and procedures which bolster a family unit’s (client’s) want to accomplish a condition of monetary freedom. †¢ It is a procedure of deciding the monetary objectives at the purpose of retirement. †¢ It requires consistent observing of the advancement of the arrangement and afterward taking sufficient therapeutic measures Requirement For Retirement Planning †¢ Increasing Life Span †¢ Low Returns In Conventional Modes Of Savings. †¢ Unintended Contingencies. †¢ Increasing Medical Cost. †¢ Diminishing Trend Of Joint Family System †¢ Inflationary Trends †¢ Absence Of Social Security Benefits By The State †¢ Pursuing Hobbies †¢ Falling Interest Rates Steps In Retirement Planning †¢ Decision retirement about the retirement age choice. †¢ Setting of money related objectives †¢ Saving of significant sums w.r.t. objectives †¢ Investing in suitable modes †¢ Calculation of total assets †¢ Regular checking of budgetary arrangement and consolidate the vital revisions in the arrangement. Variables Affecting Retirement Planning †¢ Life style †¢ Personal qualities †¢ Nature of salary salaried, business or expert; stable employment/non-stable occupation; private occupation/government work †¢ Number of years left for taking retirement †¢ Inflation rate †¢ Present total assets of an individual †¢ Risk craving of an individual †¢ Services of a confirmed budgetary organizer †¢ Conviction in the retirement arranging exertion †¢ Seriousness and diligence for retirement arranging Future and Career Stability Future †¢ Life hope is the significant leader of retirement arranging. †¢ according to the Indian setting, still the significance of retirement arranging isn't obviously distinguished. †¢ With the expanding future, elevated expectations of living and exclusive requirements for the up and coming future, pressure is developing for support assignment, to get together the necessities of retirement. †¢ Longevity of future must be remembered while making out a retirement plan. †¢ Key variables to be assessed while making out a retirement plan are available way of life, pay and ability to spare, family conditions, level of swelling winning in the economy and the standard one might want to keep up at the hour of post retirement INDIA and RETIREMENT PLANNING †¢ 90% percent of India’s complete working populace isn't secured for postretirement life. †¢ The principle goal of retirement arranging is to make a very much financed and safe future for the customer. †¢ Financial necessities of the customer should be clubbed between his/her present salary and post retirement use. †¢ To keep up current way of life one needs to plan to spare right around 65 to 85% of current salary. Life Cycle †¢ Every period of life cycle has an alternate degree of salary, use and sparing. †¢ The principal period of life cycle is where an individual has no income however certain measure of cash is spent on him/her (school charges, dress, food and so forth). †¢ Second stage comes where the individual could possibly begin his genuine income or a steady profession. †¢ In the third stage an individual enters a steady profession and has great measure of profit to spare and begin getting ready for his/her retirement †¢ Fourth and fifth stage is timeframe to spare most extreme and allot most extreme assets for the retirement arranging. †¢ In the 6th stage comes the mature age. At this stage the reserve funds will in general lessen as a result of clinical costs, new costs identified with mature age and so forth †¢ The last two phases of the existence cycle is the retirement time frame where the sparing are used to cover the genuine retirement years or retirement costs. Profession Stability †¢ Career steadiness is one of the most significant factor which plainly should be assessed to build up a retirement plan. †¢ Fund portion for retirement is finished with the assistance of surplus profit of a person during his/her pre-retirement period. †¢ Stable vocation and consequently stable income gives a degree to having all around arranged and composed retirement plan †¢ Employers additionally have a significant job in retirement arranging as they contribute in benefits plans other commitment plans and so forth †¢ Career strength assists with drawing away from of future profit can be which helps in retirement arranging Main considerations Affecting Career Stability †¢ Job Satisfaction: Job fulfillment covers the variables like the degree of pay and advantages, the apparent reasonableness of the advancement framework inside an organization, the nature of the working conditions, administration and social connections, and the activity itself. †¢ Alternative chances: If the market is opening up for new openings and vocations and individual can give his works onto those open doors the profession dependability can set out for changes. †¢ Employer-Employee Relationship: This issue covers the components like unwaveringness of a person towards the business, future insurance gave by the business, inspiration, administration, opportune examinations. †¢ Changing financial conditions: The monetary states of a nation like downturn cycles, creating divisions, issues identified with a specific part private and open possession and so on additionally influences the vocation strength. †¢ There are additionally different approaches and monetary procedures of government identified with business and remote speculations and so forth which have an immediate effect on work situation. PRE-RETIREMENT Counseling Presentation †¢ It is an arranging. intuitive piece of retirement †¢ In pre-retirement directing all the essentials of the retirement plan are drafted according to the requirements and desires for the customer and according to the client’s present and foreseen monetary conditions. †¢ Financial organizer needs to obviously assess the requirements, mentality and way of life of the customer to have a solid and dependable connection with the customer. Steps For Retirement Plan †¢ Inauguration Of Retirement Plan: Inauguration of retirement plan would rely upon future. On the off chance that the customer begins amassing assets for his/her retirement ahead of schedule, with little reserve funds and less weight he will have the option to accomplish the objective. †¢ Desired Retirement Status: This would include planning, salary sources and legitimate resource the executives and so on. Assessed consumption and wellsprings of pay during the retirement years to the customer must be assessed appropriately. †¢ Retirement Expenses and Sources Of Income: Clear distinguishing proof of the considerable number of expenses and wages must be made. Arrangements for dispensing 65 to 70% of current salary for the retirement time frame ought to be drawn. Protection With Retirement Planning †¢ Insurance plans with a money back or entire extra security are reasonable on the grounds that they give protection as long as the premiums are paid and furthermore gathers reserve funds, accordingly it has a money esteem. †¢ It additionally assists with taking care of revealed clinical costs, memorial service costs and likewise goes about as a salary substitution for survivors. †¢ With expanding future, and different difficulties an extra security can give a deep rooted, effortless retirement and protection insurance. †¢ Major costs of the retirement years are the medicinal services costs, medical coverage can go about as some assistance all things considered to get together these expenses. 26/30 Home Planning With Retirement Planning †¢ Estate arranging is the way toward amassing and discarding a domain to amplify the profits of the bequest proprietor. †¢ Various apparatuses of home arranging are utilized like Wills, Trusts, Gifts, Contributions and appropriate assessment of Estate charges. †¢ Estate arranging ought to keep up out the expenses of the property and ought to build up a domain intend to give legitimate and safe pay age. †¢ Estate plan will cover all the legitimate customs and all the documentation with respect to future exchanges. Assessment Planning With Retirement Planning †¢ Savings and ventures are interconnected. †¢ Proper administration of reserve funds and speculation results to tax reductions and these become significant at the hour of retirement. †¢ Retirement organizer should obviously assess the parts of its liquidity, security, and the most significant one the arrival and expense pay over such speculations. †¢ Proper duty arranging would itself be able to demonstrate out to be a sparing device on the grounds that with powerful assessment arranging is essential establishment for successful retirement arranging.

Books By and About Marian Wright Edelman

Books By and About Marian Wright Edelman A few books by and about Marian Wright Edelman: Print Bibliography Marian Wright Edelman. The State of Americas Children, Yearbook 2002. Marian Wright Edelman. Im Your Child, God: Prayers for Our Children. 2002. Marian Wright Edelman. Guide My Feet: Prayers and Meditations for Our Children. 2000. Marian Wright Edelman. The State of Americans Children: Yearbook 2000 - A Report from the Childrens Defense Fund. 2000. Marian Wright Edelman. The State of Americas Children: A Report from the Childrens Defense Fund: Yearbook 1998. Marian Wright Edelman. Lights: A Memoir of Mentors. 1999. Marian Wright Edelman. The Measure of Our Success: A Letter to My Children Yours. 1992. Marian Wright Edelman. I Dream a World. 1989. Marian Wright Edelman. Families in Peril: An Agenda For Social Change. 1987. Marian Wright Edelman. Represent Children. 1998. Ages 4-8. Joann Johansen Burch. Marian Wright Edelman: Childrens Champion. 1999. Ages 4-8. Wendie C. Old. Marian Wright Edelman: Fighter for Childrens Rights. 1995. Youthful Adult. Beatrice Siegel. Marian Wright Edelman: The Making of a Crusader. 1995. Ages 9-12. Andrew Carroll, supervisor. Presentation by Marian Wright Edelman. Letters of a Nation: A Collection of Extraordinary American Letters. Republish 1999. Susan Skog, supervisor. Grasping Our Essence: Spiritual Conversations With Prominent Women. 1995.

Organized Crime Government free essay sample

Composed Crime amp; the Political Machine Throughout history there has been a consistent battle, yet additionally an unpredictable trap of association among government and sorted out wrongdoing. Pay off, coercion and misappropriation are among a portion of the wrongdoings that associate the mafia with significant political figures freely, anyway the connection between these two elements appears to go much more profound. Truth be told, as per late examination, some chosen authorities are, themselves, significant wrongdoing pioneers. A prime case of this is Illinois government official and previous city hall leader of Chicago, Richard M. Daley. Daley’s family includes incredible chronicled criticalness inside the city as his dad, Richard J. Daley, was likewise civic chairman of Chicago. His sibling William M. Daley served under previous U. S. president Bill Clinton as U. S. Secretary of Commerce and their more established sibling John P. Daley is the money executive on the Cook County Board of Commissioners. Daley himself was in the Illinois State Senate for a long time. We will compose a custom paper test on Composed Crime Government or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page After that he won the political decision to become Cook County’s State’s lawyer where he stayed for a long time from 1980-1989, and won the political race for civic chairman of Chicago in 1989 after Harold Washington’s demise. The family is known as â€Å"the Daley Machine†, and keeping in mind that the negative social, monetary, and financial effect of the machine is all around recorded, both dad and child kept on being reappointed. An outrage in 2005 was Mayor Daley clarifying roughly $48 million in invades for the remodel of a terminal at O’Hare International Airport. Delegate Jesse L. Jackson Jr. D) expressed, â€Å"You can trick a few people for a long time, the inquiry is on the off chance that they need to be tricked for 20 years† (Chicago Tribune, 1996). A government examination in 2006 of â€Å"pervasive fraud† prompted 30 arraignments, including two senior directors intently attached to the civic chairman, and twelve bureau l evel renunciations which prompted a cross examination of Daley himself. On the off chance that anybody accomplishes influence in Chicago, they have been bolstered by city hall leaders Richard Joseph Daley and his child. Nothing completed except if their directs were followed and Richard M. Daley has â€Å"reigned† over the city for around 21 years. Another hotspot for associations between composed wrongdoing and the political machine is New York City, a spot where the Mob has inconceivable impact. â€Å"The crowd has consistently had some impact in legislative issues, and previously, they even had their own competitors in a couple of key spots,† said Ron Goldstock, leader of the state’s Organized Crime Task Force. â€Å"But now we are starting to see proof of an unavoidable nearness. It’s for all intents and purposes open. We’ve even started to see associations in which mobsters and city business authorities were ready to go together. (New York Magazine, 1986) Former city hall leader of New York, Rudolph Giuliani said that sorted out wrongdoing bunches have gotten so striking, that horde associated organizations have started making direct crusade commitments on the books. â€Å"There was a day when hoods may have slipped cash to individuals under the table,† Giuliani stated, â€Å"but we are starting to locate that a significant number of the organizations connected to sorted out wrongdoing have transparently added to political campaigns† (New York Magazine, 1986). Claims of pay off in the city’s Parking Violations Bureau have uncovered in any event about six connects to the horde. A few models are: the mystery land organization between previous Department of Transportation official Anthony Ameruso and Angelo Ponte, a supposed mobster; the connection between prosecuted Bronx province Democratic pioneer Stanley Friedman and his top counsel Paul Victor, the child of a composed wrongdoing part who got an aggregate of $250,000 from Friedman’s battle advisory groups; and the connection between City Planning magistrate Theodore Teah and Robert Hopkins, who has been accused of requesting the homicide of a crowd rival. Following the path of the mind boggling associations between the crowd and their political partners is extremely intense work in light of the fact that once in a while do the top mobsters and top legislators get included. Mobsters work through their legal advisors, association pioneers, and representatives and figure out how to accomplish their political objectives utilizing next to no or no power. These understandings are made conceivable by agents and assistants, individuals who have manufactured companionships through adolescence, in crusades, and different business bargains. There is not all that much or bizarre about a politically dynamic legal advisor having a mobster as a customer, so this is a simple path for the lawbreakers to apply their impact. Stanley Friedman, referenced above, is a partner in a law firmâ€Roy Cohn’s firmâ€that is infamous for its protection of sorted out wrongdoing individuals. Friedman himself has been arraigned for pay off and stock misrepresentation after the notorious PVB Scandal. Law authorization authorities have started to take action against these unlawful associations since city outrages grabbed open eye in the mid to late 1980’s. Albeit a few specialists contend that these endeavors have come somewhat late. Formal government investigator Raymond Dearie contends that â€Å"Today, the hoods are practically vague from the great guys†¦their organizations have been acclimatized. † (New York Times, 1991) All we can do now is have confidence in our equity framework to search out these associations with composed wrongdoing and wash the political circle of the defilement that has increased such an incredible impact.

Admission Is Not Random

Admission Is Not Random April 15 Getting into a highly selective college is by no means random, as Steve Cohen seems to suggest at the end of his editorial. There is a college admissions article  up on The New York Observer by Steve Cohen, author of some book from way back in 1983 on college admissions (who hasnt written a book?), that we figured wed share some thoughts on. And, yes, were familiar with the book but there are tons of books on college admissions and we dont believe this book to have been all that influential! First of all, in this editorial, Mr. Cohen refers to that book he wrote about college admissions in this way: I have never worked in an admission office, but that didn’t keep me from co-authoring the most successful book ever written on the subject. By what metric is Mr. Cohen defining success? Book sales? Because weve checked the BookScan data. Yes, were familiar with BookScan, Mr. Cohen. There are lots of successful books on college admissions. What makes his the most successful? Were just curious. Crunching the numbers and all. But enough about this line were poking fun at. Wed like to address a few other points articulated in Mr. Cohens latest editorial. We have neither time nor energy to correct all of his incorrect statements, but well touch upon a few of this attorneys comments. He writes in his opening line, The going rate in New York for a private admissions counselor is $25,000, with some, who boast staffs comprised exclusively of Ivy League admission office alumni, commanding upward of $40,000 for a year of admission guidance. Mr. Cohen, while we do indeed boast a staff of former Ivy League admissions officers as well as other admissions officers of highly selective colleges, let us assure you that the fees you cite are not within ballpark of our Unlimited Package. You have not fully done your homework. The fee for our Unlimited Package is readily available  for you to learn about on CNBC as an example. You also suggest the following: I’ll propose one change that could put the whole system into perspective: every selective college should allocate 1 percent of its entering class admission slots to a lottery: 39 kids at Vanderbilt, 27 at Brown, and so on. A random selection process for a tiny percentage of the class. The personality of the place probably wouldn’t change. But it would underscore the randomness of the whole process and give kids one little, extra bit of hope. And hope is a good thing. The highly selective college admissions process and the Ivy League admissions process, Mr. Cohen, is by no means random  as you suggest and this point undercuts so many statements that you made in your editorial that are indeed both entirely accurate and rather insightful to readers. If the admissions process were random, students with terrible Academic Index scores would gain admission to Ivy League colleges. Students with terrible essays would get in, too, as would pote ntially convicted felons. Get the idea? We hope so. Random. Ridiculous.

Mischief, Mayhem, In Tyler We Trust A Textual Analysis...

Psychological disorders are widely represented in films, as well as in other media texts such as novels, television shows, etc. One film that portrays more than one example of a psychological disorder is Fight Club, a Twentieth Century Fox movie released with an R rating in 1999. Directed by David Fincher; and produced by Art Linson, Cean Chaffin, and Ross Grayson Bell, the movie mainly introduces Dissociative Identity Disorders (also known as Multiple Personality Disorders), but also hints at insomnia and depression. The movie is adapted from the book Fight Club written by Chuck Palahniuk. Fox marketed the movie using a â€Å"myriad of merchandise, including posters, the soundtrack, and even email addresses (yourname@fightclub.com)† (CNN).†¦show more content†¦To get a full understanding of the movie you have to watch it more than once because the way that it presents itself is like a mental puzzle for the viewer. The main character remains nameless until near the en d, going by simply narrator, according to the ending credits. Edward Norton was perfectly cast in this role. About halfway through the movie, narrator finds books referring to the anatomy of a man named Jack, at which time he starts referring to himself as Jack in the third person (e.g. â€Å" I am Jacks broken heart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). My intent is to analyze the depiction of psychological disorders portrayed in the movie Fight Club. â€Å"People are always asking me if I know Tyler Durden†¦Ã¢â‚¬  narrator (Edward Norton) begins the movie with a narration mentioning a theater of mass destruction and some group called project mayhem that has set bombs around the city to detonate and destroy. Narrator makes a foreshadowing remark stating â€Å"I know this because Tyler knows this† which leads the audience to believe that maybe they are connected in a way that we don’t yet understand. Narrator/Jack then leads us into the movie by stating that he realizes all of what is happening has something to do with a girl named Marla Singer. We see Narrator/Jack at a support group for men with testicular cancer; he starts attending support group meetings after seeingShow MoreRelatedMischief, Mayhem, in Tyler We Trust: a Textual Analysis of Personality Disorders as Depicted in the Film Fight Club2758 Words   |  12 PagesPsychological disorders are widely represented in films, as well as in other media tex ts such as novels, television shows, etc. One film that portrays more than one example of a psychological disorder is Fight Club, a Twentieth Century Fox movie released with an R rating in 1999. Directed by David Fincher; and produced by Art Linson, Cean Chaffin, and Ross Grayson Bell, the movie mainly introduces Dissociative Identity Disorders (also known as Multiple Personality Disorders), but also hints at

Poverty And Poverty Essay - 785 Words

The interactionist, conflict and functionalist theories have been extensively used to guide the sociological understanding of social problems. The different views presented by these theoretical approaches are critical not only in understanding but also in resolving the various social issues. Poverty presents as one issue that every society has to grapple with given its inherent tendency to pose a threat to not only the poor but to the society as a whole (Mooney, Knox Schacht, 2014). The issue of poverty can always be argued from different sociological perspectives. The functionalist theory claims that social stability is critical and is at the center of adequate socialization and a healthy society. Social integration is viewed as a vital†¦show more content†¦Solutions, therefore, would not seek to adopt any rapid changes or changes intended to change the society’s structure. Any steps to alleviate poverty would, thus, be those bringing about slow changes and targetin g to strengthen critical institutions like the education system and the family to motivate and promote beliefs that would encourage the poor to work their way out of poverty (Barkan, 2012). The conflict theory on its part assumes that social problems are attributable to the perverse nature of societys structure (Barkan, 2012). The problems are mainly an effect of the social inequality based on factors as gender, social class, and race. Solutions to such problems can only be realized through deep social changes targeting to eliminate inequality and promote an egalitarian society. In a departure from the position taken by functionalists, the conflict theory insists on the role of structural changes to society in resolving social problems. The conflict theory would explain poverty as which emanates from the society’s inherent equality. It would result from prejudice and discrimination and the lack of opportunity and jobs among specific genders or groups of people (Mooney, Knox Schacht, 2014). Poverty would thus be a direct consequence of the effects of oppression to a section of the population as the oppressors target to maximize their gains. The awareness of the a buse can onlyShow MoreRelatedPoverty Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesTiara Bradshaw Mrs. Prince ENG 0123 17 November 2017 Poverty is something that many have suffered or still suffer from today. Poverty has changed a lot of lives for many years now. Many countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia, Zimbabwe, and Niger are some of the poorest countries. This affects their education, society, environment, health, children, and even the crime rates. Poverty has become one of the greatest challenges in today’s society and is a major issue thatRead MorePoverty Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesWhen people start to think about poverty their thoughts instantly go towards a basic understanding of its definition. Most think of it as households with less than half of adjusted median disposable income throughout the nation. People don’t understand or think about the other factors that play a role in poverty such as: living conditions, gas rent money, safety, disconnection from society, and many others. Poverty has changed drastically over the years not only from the monetary value of it, butRead MoreInsular Poverty Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 102 Insular Poverty 11/3/2012 Nobody wants to be considered to be below the poverty line. Unfortunately, for fourteen percent of the people in this country, that is their reality. Fourteen percent of the people currently living in the United States’ basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter are not being met. Poverty is experienced at different levels in different parts of the country. The causes and effects of insular poverty are experienced differently in rural and urban areas in theRead More Hunger and Poverty Essay806 Words   |  4 Pages Hunger and Poverty Hunger and Poverty During the course of this particular essay, I will prove to you many points. Maybe not to the extreme that it will change one’s thought processes on the subject of hunger and world poverty, but enough to form a distinction between moral obligation and moral capacity. What I will not mention is the fact that Peter Singer’s outdated material (1971), though thorough in the sense of supporting his view on hunger and world poverty as well as examining this schoolRead MorePoverty and Environment: an Essay on the Poverty-Environment Linkages3673 Words   |  15 PagesPoverty and Environment: An Essay on the Poverty-Environment Linkages Josiah Mwangi Ateka School of Economics , Kenyatta University November 2012 â€Æ' 1.0 Background Poverty reduction and environmental conservation represent two of the main global challenges. The two targets constitute part of the eight Global Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Arising from the thinking that Environmental degradation and poverty reinforce each other since the poor are both agents and victims of environmentalRead More Combating Poverty Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pages For some poverty is a way of life the day to day struggle of keeping food on the table and clothes on their back. For others it is something that is seen only on television, and even then it is not so easy to comprehend. This is usually the case with families who are well to do and money is not an issue. They may describe the characteristics of poverty as to not have certain materialistic items such as clothes, cars, accessories etc. However to someone living in those circumstances it may meanRead MoreThe Alleviation of Poverty Essay1600 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The alleviation of poverty and the increment of growth within a nation, such as ours, are achieved through the dual use of fiscal and monetary policy. The essay will give a brief description of both policies as well as the manner in which they theoretically operate when attempting to achieve their goals. A look at the current policies currently being used in the country and their success will be assessed in comparison with the policy aims. Lastly, a look at whether the current fiscalRead MoreFacing Poverty Essay677 Words   |  3 PagesThe Summary of â€Å"Facing Poverty with a Rich Girl’s Habits† ENG115061VA016-1126-001 (English Composition) July 22, 2012 According to Suki Kim, the author of â€Å"Facing Poverty with a Rich Girl’s habits, learning how to survive physically, emotionally, and educationally in a world that was far removed from the style of life she was accustomed to was one of the biggest challenges of her life. Kim went from having a father who was considered a millionaire, living in a mansion complete with a governessRead MoreEssay on Culture of Poverty5571 Words   |  23 PagesWORKING PAPER SERIES Theories of Poverty and Anti-Poverty Programs in Community Development Ted K. Bradshaw RPRC Working Paper No. 06-05 February, 2006 Rural Poverty Research Center http://www.rprconline.org/ Introduction Community development has a variety of strategies available to meet the needs of those persons and groups who are less advantaged, usually in poverty. Community developers help all communities, but their passion lies disproportionately with people who do not have adequateRead MoreDefining Poverty Essay2155 Words   |  9 PagesWhen it comes to poverty, there is the magnitude of definitions explaining the term. The definition of poverty has important implications from point of view of policy making, politics and academic debates. Each view has its own value judgments and explanations. Over the times, new definitions have surfaced the debates and yet, there is not a single universally acceptable definition of poverty. Definitions usually set the perimeters of the terminology and often subject to limitations and criticism

The Cardiovascular System

Question: How does structure Aid function of the human cardiovascular system? Answer: Introduction: Every living organism depends on interstitial fluid as a source of nutrients and oxygen and as a mode of disposal of waste materials. The blood plays a vital role in supplying oxygen to every organ of the body as well as carries away the waste materials from the organs. The continuous flow of blood is maintained by heart and it pumps the blood throughout a network of blood vessels. The human heart consists of four chambers that pump the blood to lungs in order to purify the deoxygenated blood and supplies oxygenated blood to the body (Nishikimi, 2011). The detail of the entire cardiovascular system is described below: 1. The structure and function of vascular system: There are three types of blood vessels in the human body and they are arteries, veins, and capillaries. The arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart towards the target organs and they eventually decrease their size forming capillaries to the organ and the deoxygenated blood from the organs are carried away to the heart by the veins. However, the largest artery in the body is aorta and the largest vein is vena cava. The circulatory system is known as closed system as the blood in enclosed in the heart or in blood vessels and always following through one direction, i.e., Heart (ventricles) - Arteries - Capillaries - Organ- Veins - Heart (atrium) Source: (Nishikimi, 2011) The arteries and veins are made up of three layers known as inner epithelial tissue, middle smooth muscle, and outer connective tissue. These layers provide elasticity and strength to the vessels. The walls of the arteries are thicker that of veins and the three layers help to withstand the high blood pressure coming from the heart. The artery wall expands when the blood passes through it and relaxes to spring back to prevent backflow; this is known as secondary circulation and reduces the load of heart. The pulmonary arteries are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood (Mizuguchi, 2010). The arteries get branched to networks known as capillaries and they have very large surface area but very thin walls with only one epithelial layer. The capillaries are narrow and the blood pressure is also slow down allowing the diffusion to take place in the organs. The deoxygenated blood is then carried away to the heart by the veins and its path is through the skeletal muscles were the blood flow is restricted by valves so that the blood flow could occur against the gravity. 2. The Structure and function of human heart: The heart is cone shaped situated within the sternum and tilted to the left. The walls of the heart are made up of three tissues, outer and inner epithelial and middle cardiac muscle. The cardiac muscle respires aerobically and hence, ensures plenty of oxygen through coronary artery and consists of rich mitochondria. The heart is covered by a protective membrane known as pericardium that consists of pericardium fluid, which reduces the friction among the cardiac muscles (Fa-Po, 2015). Source: (Mizuguchi, 2010) The heart consists of four chambers, known as right atrium and right ventricle; and left atrium and left ventricle. The right side of the lungs receives deoxygenated blood from the body though the superior vena cava that brings blood from the head and arms and inferior vena cava from the rest of the body. The vena cava empties the deoxygenated blood to the right atrium when the heart relaxes and eventually when the heart contracts the right artrio-venticular (AV) valve opens and the blood moves from right atrium to the right ventricle. This value is known as tricuspid valve and makes the sound lub on closing and prevents the backflow of the blood when the heart relaxes as a result when the right ventricle contracts the pulmonary valve opens and the blood flows to the pulmonary artery to the lungs. The pulmonary valve prevents the backflow of the blood and makes a sound dup (Fa-Po, 2015). The oxygenated blood leaves the lungs and enters to the left atrium though the pulmonary vein that is the only vein to carry oxygenated blood. When the left atrium contract the blood flow to the left ventricle through the left AV valve known as bicuspid valve and it prevents the backflow of the blood. When the left ventricle contracts the blood flows to the aorta through the aortic valve that carries oxygenated blood throughout the body. When the blood enters aorta, its walls expands that helps to detect the pulse in the body (Kodani, 2015). 3. The Heartbeat: The heart rate is also known as pulse that is the number of times an individuals heart beats per minute. The heart beats depends on individual to individual from their body size, age and condition of heart and also whether the individual is moving, sitting or meditating in an even temperature. When an individual is resting the heart beat rate is between 60 and 80 times per minute. When an individual does vigorous exercise, heart beat rate increases due to the need of oxygen and glucose by the cells and also removal of generated carbon dioxide from the cells (Kodani, 2015). 4. The Cardiac Cycle: The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events that takes place in one heart beat and the contraction of both atrium followed by the contraction of both ventricles. The heartbeat consists of two phase systole and diastole. The systole derives contraction and this occurs when the ventricles contract that closes the AV valve and simultaneously opens the semi lunar valve and eventually pumps the blood to the heart. The diastole derives relaxation and it occurs when the ventricles relax allowing the blood pressure to close the semi lunar valve and opening AV valve (Nademanee, 2010). Source: (Nademanee, 2010) The heart consists of a single muscle but it does not contract at once. The contraction spreads eventually throughout the heart by specialised cells known as Sino Atrial Node (SA node) present in the right atrium. These cells are also called natural pacemaker of the heart. The impulse of SA node spread through the right and left atrium causing both atriums to contract simultaneously (Mizuguchi, 2010). References: Fa-Po, C. (2015). Current and state of the art on the electrophysiologic characteristics and catheter ablation of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. Kodani, E. (2015). Early detection of atrial fibrillation is the first step to prevent cardiogenic stroke: Usefulness of B-type natriuretic peptide, 65. Mizuguchi, Y. (2010). Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy brings deterioration of systolic longitudinal, circumferential, and radial myocardial deformation in hypertensive patients with preserved left ventricular pump function. Nademanee, K. (2010). Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation guided by complex fractionated atrial electrogram mapping of atrial fibrillation substrate. Nishikimi, T. (2011). Current biochemistry, molecular biology, and clinical relevance of natriuretic peptides.

Style Essays (526 words) - Suit, Workwear, Clothing, Fashion

Simply Stylish: Your Ideal Silhouette What is Style? Style is the image or impression that you project to the world. Is it innate, or is it something that can be learned and refined? For some women, putting themselves together well is purely instinctive as they are naturally drawn to the right styles and colours for their body. For others research, an understanding of their body shape and good advice can be the right ingredients to achieving personal style. Even the most stylish women often have mentors or stylists to help them make the right clothing choices. Women with style consider carefully what they purchase and give thought to whatever they wear and wherever they wear it. Style isn?t about money, it is about making the right clothing choices. Stylish women understand how to mix and match their wardrobe and they have good taste. Stylish women also know how to adapt current looks to suit their age. Few things are more self affirming than dressing well. As Yves St Laurent said, ?fashion fades, style is eternal? How to Achieve Style Five major elements go into the creation of a garment. These are shape or silhouette, design details, colour, fabric weight and texture and fabric print and pattern. To find a garment with all these elements ideal for you can be difficult, but aim to achieve at least 3 out of the 5. With this knowledge, you can choose the best style suited to your shape, colouring and personality. In developing your personal style, consider also: Comfort ~ wear clothes that fit you perfectly, suit your personality and lifestyle. Confidence ~ know that you are presenting yourself at your best. Illusion ~ accentuate your positives and camouflage your challenges. Individuality ~ be you, not a clone of someone else. Appropriateness ~ dress appropriately for every occasion. Attitude ~ be positive. Current ~ maintain a current appearance. Body Proportion Analysis Your Ideal Silhouette is designed to provide women with an objective approach to successful dressing. Armed with only your dress size, shopping can be a frustrating experience if you have no real idea about what suits your body type, resulting in time wasted in the fitting room and money wasted on clothes that may or may not fit well or which may or may not be flattering to your figure. The programme will help you to take control of your wardrobe by eliminating poor clothing choices and aid in the selection of only those items that maximise positive features and minimise problem areas. Emphasis is placed on how to project a professional, polished and self-confident image. Measuring Up A woman?s body is divided into 4 sections to determine her proportions. The ideal body is supposed to be equal in each section. The sections are from the top of the head to the full bust, the full bust to the full hip, the full hip to the centre of the knee, the centre of the knee to the floor. Unequal proportions are not a problem. It is important, however, to know where you are long and short so that garment lengths can be altered to give you a balanced appearance.

Biography of Angela Davis, Political Activist, Academic

Biography of Angela Davis, Political Activist, Academic Angela Davis (born January 26, 1944) is a radical activist, philosopher, writer, speaker, and educator. In the 1960s and 1970s, she was well known for her association with the Black Panthers. She was fired from one teaching job for being a communist, and for a time she even appeared on the Federal Bureau of Investigations Ten Most Wanted list. Fast Facts: Angela Davis Known For: Davis is an academic and activist known for her association with the Black Panthers.Also Known As: Angela Yvonne DavisBorn: January 26, 1944 in Birmingham, AlabamaParents: B. Frank Davis and Sallye Bell DavisEducation: Brandeis University (B.A.), University of California, San Diego (M.A.), Humboldt University (Ph.D.)Published Works: Women, Race, Class, Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday, Are Prisons Obsolete?Spouse: Hilton Braithwaite (m. 1980–1983)Notable Quote: Revolution is a serious thing, the most serious thing about a revolutionarys life. When one commits oneself to the struggle, it must be for a lifetime. Early Life Angela Yvonne Davis was  born on January 26, 1944, in Birmingham, Alabama.  Her father B. Frank Davis was a teacher who later opened a gas station, and her mother Sallye Bell Davis was a teacher.  Davis lived in a segregated neighborhood and went to segregated schools through high school.  She later became involved with her family in civil rights demonstrations.  She spent some time in New York City, where her mother was earning a masters degree during summer breaks from teaching. Davis excelled as a student, graduating  magna cum laude  from Brandeis University in 1965, with two years of study at the Sorbonne, University of Paris. She studied philosophy in Germany at the University of Frankfurt for two years, then received an M.A. from the University of California at San Diego in 1968. Her doctoral study took place from 1968 to 1969. During her undergraduate years at Brandeis, she was shocked to hear of the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, which killed four girls she had known. This Ku Klux Klan-perpetrated violence marked a major turning point in the civil rights movement, bringing worldwide attention to the plight of African-Americans in the United States. Politics and Philosophy A member of the Communist Party USA, Davis became involved in radical black politics and in several organizations for black women, including Sisters Inside and Critical Resistance, which she helped found. Davis also joined the Black Panthers and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). She was part of an all-black communist group called the Che-Lumumba Club, and through that group she began to organize public protests. In 1969, Davis was hired as an assistant professor at the University of California at Los Angeles. She used her post to teach Kant, Marxism, and philosophy in black literature. Davis  was popular as a teacher, but a leak identifying her as a member of the Communist Party led to the UCLA regent- headed then by Ronald Reagan- to dismiss her.  A court ordered her reinstatement, but she was fired again the next year. Activism After her dismissal from UCLA, Davis became involved in the case of the Soledad Brothers, a group of  prisoners at Soledad Prison. Anonymous threats led her to purchase weapons for self-defense. Davis was arrested as a suspected conspirator in the abortive attempt to free George Jackson, one of the Soledad Brothers, from a courtroom in Marin County, California, on August 7, 1970. A county judge was killed in the failed attempt to take hostages and rescue Jackson, and the guns used were registered in her name. Davis was eventually acquitted of all charges, but for a time she was on the FBIs most wanted list after she fled and went into hiding to avoid arrest. Davis is often associated with the Black Panthers and with the black power politics of the late 1960s and early 1970s. She joined the Communist Party when Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in 1968. Davis ran for vice president on the Communist Party ticket in 1980. Davis left the Communist Party in 1991, though she continues to be involved in some of its activities. As a self-described prison abolitionist, she has played a major role in the push for criminal justice reforms and other resistance to what she calls the prison-industrial complex. In her essay Public Imprisonment and Private Violence, Davis calls the sexual abuse of women in prison one of the most heinous state-sanctioned human rights violations within the United States today. Academia Davis taught in the Ethnic Studies department at San Francisco State University from 1980 to 1984. Although former Gov. Ronald Reagan swore she would never teach again in the University of California system, Davis began teaching at the University of California at Santa Cruz in 1991. During her tenure there, she continued to work as an activist and promote womens rights and racial justice. She has published books on race, class, and gender, including such popular titles as Angela Davis: An Autobiography, Are Prisons Obsolete?, The Meaning of Freedom, and Women, Culture Politics. When Davis retired from UCSC in 2008, she was named Professor Emerita. In the years since, she has continued her work for prison abolition, womens rights, and racial justice. Davis has taught at UCLA and elsewhere as a visiting professor, committed to the importance of liberating minds as well as liberating society. Personal Life Davis was married to photographer Hilton Braithwaite from 1980 to 1983. In 1997, she told Out magazine that she was a lesbian. Sources Aptheker, Bettina.  The Morning Breaks: The Trial of Angela Davis. Cornell University Press, 1999.Davis, Angela Y.  Angela Davis: an Autobiography. International Publishers, 2008.Davis, Angela Y.  Are Prisons Obsolete?  Seven Stories Press, 2003.Davis, Angela Y.  Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday. Vintage Books, 1999.Davis, Angela. â€Å"Public Imprisonment and Private Violence.† Frontline Feminisms: Women, War, and Resistance, by Marguerite R. Waller and Jennifer Rycenga, Routledge, 2012.Davis, Angela Y., and Joy James.  The Angela Y. Davis Reader. Blackwell, 1998.Timothy, Mary.  Jury Woman: the Story of the Trial of Angela Y. Davis. Glide Publications, 1975.

Senior project progress report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Senior project progress report - Research Paper Example I have chosen, â€Å"World health Organization† as the corresponding health care organization. The major aim of the health care organization, I have chosen, is to develop such ideas and function as to alter the unhealthy activities of the persons in different regions of the world. However, the WHO does not only guide to cut the utilization of alcohol or perform works physically, it symbolizes as the organization that aims to reduce the diseases in the world and make the people healthy. In order to gather the information, I utilized the quantitative method and utilized primary as well as secondary sources. The primary sources include the web content directly published by the World Health organization. However, secondary sources include the information available on different web sites, journals and other publications. The issue is considerably most in the age group of 13-30 years and thus the targeted audience is from this age group. The training may include the publication of written and electronic advertisements that will give rise to the issues and make the issues global. Pahl, Ray. (1999). â€Å"Policy Futures for UK Health: The Social Context of Healthy Living: No 6 Social Trends: Technical Series†. The Nuffield Trust, London. Can also be retrieved from

Description of Beverly Hills Area in the USA Essay - 1

Description of Beverly Hills Area in the USA - Essay Example Collonaded buildings, lampposts of a vintage variety and exclusive brands combine to give the visitor a visual treat here. The place is regal in its bearing and this is conveyed through the elegance of the design that one finds in its buildings, its sidewalk and the very flora of the place. The plants are taken care of regularly and are pruned into exquisite shapes, exemplifying the idea of luxury and elegance. Rodeo Drive is known for possessing stores that deal in the most expensive brands of apparel, accessories, home furnishing and so on and so forth, in the world. This is also considered to be one of the most sophisticated shopping centres in the world owing to the high profile clientele that it attracts on an everyday basis. Individual designers have their stores here as well, resulting in a certain exclusivity as far as the clientele is concerned. On either side of the roads are visible the glossiest and most chic of vehicles that add to the charm of this area. This is only ac centuated by the colonnade-like line of palm trees that beautify the streets. Combined, a view of Rodeo Drive is absolutely breathtaking. One comes across several gardens as well in Beverly Hills. Exquisitely crafted fountains with rills of water emerging from spouts into a common stream can be found adorning these gardens. The plants that one finds here are both majestic and exotic. They are pleasing to the senses and evoke a pastoral scene found in great literature. The fountains are on occasion, crafted with marble and have delicate statutes placed atop them. One such garden is the Beverly Canon Gardens. This is a large park and has several fountains like the ones that have been mentioned above. These parks have several walkways too, for visitors (â€Å"Beverly Canon Gardens† n.p.). Here, nature and commerce intermingle and the results are, surprisingly, not detrimental to either. The Beverly Canon Gardens provides a breathtaking view of nature and the possibilities that i t offers, even in a busy life.  

How occupational stress affects mental health Essay Example for Free

How occupational stress affects mental health Essay Stress is a normal condition that affects many people. However too much stress leads to both mental and physical health. When a person has, too much stress there is a high probability that a person will stop functioning normally. Severe stress also can also lead to breakdown. This can be observed through the behavior that a person exposes. This means that a person changes the set of patterns of behaviors. Their performance in day to day duties are also affected and become worse as days pass. A person tends to lose interest and the ability of functioning as a normal person. These are obvious signs of nervous breakdown. Severe stress cause mental disorders in people. This happens especially if the stress becomes severe. It is good for one to deal with stress because of the effects it has on the mental health. This is because some of the factors that lead to stress are complicated for the mind to handle. Stress compels one part of the body against another part of the mind. This leads to pulling and pushing against the positive forces. This then leads to compression of emotions and thoughts. This makes a person to have feelings of loss of control of life. If a person dwells on the negative feelings this makes the person to have high possibilities of being subject to mental illness. The mental health is affected as stress leads to change of the equilibrium in the brain, which applies pressure to the mind. Lack of reinstatement of the equilibrium leads to chemical imbalances and diseases. In case the mind has some faulty areas, this makes a person have difficulty in coping with stress. This leads to more negative thinking including suicidal thoughts (The British Psychological Society, 1993). There are several symptoms of stress and anxiety caused at work. Stress at work is caused by work pressure, relationships, at6 work or issues related to finances. The nature of work has changed over the last century and is still undergoing change drastically. With these drastic change, stress is inevitable as workers try to cope with the changes. Stress by the workers is dangerous as it affects not only their health but also the health of the organization. The symptoms of work stress vary from person to person depending on the situation or how ling a person is subjected to the stress and the stress intensity. Some of the typical symptoms of work stress include lack of concent6tartion in one responsibility, frequent absenteeism without valid excuses, some workers turn to substance abuse and one show some signs of frustrations and extreme anger, which is usually directed to fellow workers (Tetrick, 1987). Workers who are at high risk of getting stress and anxiety are the ones who are experiencing job insecurity as a result of the metamorphic changes that may be occurring in the work place. Reorganizations, downsizing and takeovers are some of the changes that occur in organizations that lead employees to have stress and become anxious, as sometimes they do not understand where future in the organization lies. High demand for performance also leads to stress and anxiety for instance increased workload, long hours of working and intense pressure to perform at peak levels but without increase of the pay. Workers who are faced with these kinds of p-pressures have possibility of getting anxious and stressed. People who their believes conflict and those who are unable to cope with workplace culture also have high possibilities of getting stress and anxiety (Tetrick, 1987). Example of workplace cultures that may lead to stress include adapting to dress code, communication pattern, hierarchy and the behavioral patterns. If a person experiences stress and anxiety as a result of the above and does not seek help the stress and anxiety may be worse leading to mental and physical problem. There are various ways in which individual can deal with stress. It is necessary for one to be able to change with time so that to prevent stress. Being able to change with time makes a person feel more secure. Foe example, in work places it is important for an individual to be continually prepared for any change that might arise so that to survive and avoid stress. It is also good for one to find emotional and moral support from friends and family members. It is good to find time to remotivate and reenergize whenever one feels down. This prevents the stress from escalating to more severe problem. Individuals who turn to substance abuse, as a way of relieving stress should also avoid this because substance abuse acts as way of increasing the stress. It important to develop positive attitude towards every situation in life including stressful situations. This is done to prevent situations such as fear anger and negative thinking, which leads to stress. This can be done by employing personal growth techniques such as exercises, breathing and meditation. Work place stress can also be reduced by celebration of accomplishment of other people’s accomplishment. In case of stress that is chronic, it is advisable to seek assistance from a health profession (Koeske, Kirk Koeske, 1993). This knowledge regarding stress and anxiety and the ways to handle them is important as it help me understand that in some cases they may not be inevitable in the workplace. By understanding this, it is important to understand the way to prevent them from occurring and way I can do to stop them from affecting my performance. The knowledge is also helpful as it make me understand ways I can help my colleagues whom I find with the problem in the future.

Mistaken Identities in The Taming of the Shrew :: Taming Shrew Essays

Mistaken Identities in The Taming of the Shrew       Throughout the play "The Taming of the Shrew," William Shakespeare has utilized several ingenious techniques resulting in an effective piece of work.   One of the more unique and creative methods is the use of mistaken identity.   With the use of mistaken identity, Shakespeare has successfully given the play an element of humor from the beginning to the end.    The mistaken identity within the two induction scenes must have been quite humorous for the upper-class noblemen who watched the play.   In Shakespeare's time, the upper-class often found their amusement in the poorer, more unfortunate lower-class.   Christopher Sly was no exception.   When the lord finds Sly, a drunk beggar, he immediately plots a practical joke to play on him.   The lord, who is very wealthy and obviously has a lot of time on his hands decides to treat Sly as a nobleman and see how he reacts.   In addition to ordering his servants to treat Sly as their master, he too pretends to be a servant.   The most amusing part of this induction occurs when Sly becomes convinced that he is indeed a nobleman.   When he first awakes, he thinks that everyone is playing a joke on him.   After some convincing, Sly gives in and believes that he really was suffering from a long sickness.   When Sly asks the page, who is pretending to be his wife to undress and join him in bed, the audience must have reacted with loud laughter knowing that his 'wife' is actually the same sex as he. Although Sly does not understand the lifestyle of the upper-class, it is quite obvious that he is enjoying it while it lasts.    There are several cases of mistaken identity present in the subplot which involves Bianca and her suitors.   One humorous situation caused by mistaken identity arises in Act I, Scene ii, when several of the characters meet each other.   Here, the audience learns how gullible Gremio is when he is tricked by Lucentio into believing that Lucentio is a schoolmaster.   Gremio does not realize that he is actually giving a fellow competitor an opportunity to court Bianca.   The dramatic irony here is amusing to the audience because they all know that Lucentio is not going to speak highly of Gremio like he had promised.

Electronics Human Resources Management (E-Hrm)

Introduction Electronics Human Resources Management (e-HRM) is one of the most critical tools for analyzing businesses for the next step in business strategy. Even the tiny, no more than 30 staff in an office is necessary to explore the advantage of using e-HRM to achieve higher efficiency. Many companies do not understand how much time and cost they are spending on traditional human resource management (HRM) tasks until they brainstorm and try to save their time.E-HR can provides valuable potential for a wide variety of uses including employee self-service, the production of reports, the sharing of information and the administration of functions (Pass, 2002). VHR offers a network-based structure built on partnerships and typically mediated by information technology(IT) to help an organization acquire, develop and deploy intellectual capital(Lepak and Snell,1998). Therefore, e-HRM is evaluating to be its information technology(IT) field .One of the major reason why using e-HRM is tha t global competition is giving more and more stress on managers in United State to increase the speed and the quality of decision making. Moreover, providing more funding in information technology usually result in faster and better management decision making. ( Broderick, R. & Boudreau, J. W. ,1992) More and more senior managers started to use e-HRM to improve the performance in Human Resources .Hussain, Wallace, and Cornelius (2007) discovered that the norm, irrespective of company size can be increased gradually for senior HR professionals implementing the systems of e-HRM and this had led to the HR profession providing a value-add for the company. The main objectives of this paper are to: -Understanding the Electronic Human Resource Management -Types of Electronic Human Resource Management -Theoretical Perspectives -Example of using Electronic Human Resource Management The paper is written as follows.First and foremost, we provide a understanding basic concept of e-HRM ,how it w orks and the uses of computers. Then we will describe the three types of e-HRM and explain the theoretical perspectives with example. Lastly, we recap the conclusion and provide suggestions for organization in the future. After reading this paper, we will see the importance of implementing electronic Human resource information systems. a. Structure of your paper 1. Present the major concepts or real world problems you want to address Understanding Electronic Human Resource ManagementNowadays, the concept of e-HRM is still unclear no meter how senior mangers frequently using them. In fact, e-HRM is the (planning, implementation and) application of information technology for both networking and supporting at least two individual or collective actors in their shared performing of HR activities. (Strohmeier, S. , 2007). The aim of e-HRM is to provide the potential improvement of services to HR department stakeholders. Apart from this, the operating and transferring of computerized HR in formation is also called electronic human resource management.It offers companies to reduces costs and provide more sufficient information to employees in a shorter and more efficient way. Especially in economic downturn, it becomes the key for companies to be more efficient in every section of their business. The majority of the computer applications are to manage employee personal records and payroll. A common payoff to such investments was more efficient information management. Type of Electronic Human Resource Management Three major type of e-HRM like operational, relational and transformational were revealed by Lepak and Snell (1998).Operational e-HRM is involved in supervisory function like employee personal data and payroll. Many Human Resources activities such as pay and benefits service to the Internet are rearranged by many firms in order to achieve higher efficiency (Perrine, 2001). In traditional way, the basic salary, commission, wages, and benefits were recorded and ca lculated by manual writing on paper at a certain time interval. However, the internet offers an instantaneous way for employees obtaining information on separating into salaries, deductions and accumulated balances.The information of Wages, other benefits and salary can be directly achieved by downloading from the payroll, benefits and compensation databases. (Ngai, E. W. T. , Law, C. C. H, Chan, S. C. H. , & Wat, F. K. T. , 2008) Relational e-HRM is focused on supportive business operations. Incidentally, training, recruitment, performance management are examples of under Relational e-HRM.. In recruitment and selection, online recruiting is the trend nowadays. (Bussler and Davis, 2001; Kumar, 2003)The information of the job seekers is stored in the information system.The method of screening out of suitable candidates is no longer by human eyes, but enters the keywords for identifying the basic requirement. Moreover, performance appraisal will not only be evaluated at a period of ti me, but can easily be followed up online by not tracking only one databases such as supervisors, peers, customers or subordinates. (Ngai, E. W. T. , Law, C. C. H, Chan, S. C. H. , & Wat, F. K. T. , 2008)One of the major reasons in using e-HRM is that the use of internet support for the function of training and development. (Kirrane,1990).It can save the time of teacher in recording the a series of lessons once and upload it on the e-Learning for the candidates to learn by themselves. Besides, the reference books can be printed out as a PDF file and uploaded it on the databases system for candidate or researcher further educations. As a results, the education materials like recruiting teachers, reserving rooms for teaching or ordering the books can be reduced gradually. Hence, it can save the cost in training section. On the other hand, it increase the efficiency and effectiveness .Transformational e-HRM is covered the area of HRM activities with a strategic character, for instances, know management, strategic re-orientation. Know management is about organizations using new method to engage the problems of innovation and competitiveness. (Swart and Kinnie, 2003). It is possible to create a change ready workforce through an integrated set of web-based tools that enables the workforce to develop in line with the company’s strategic choices or to have paper-based materials. (Huub and Tanya ,2004) Theoretical PerspectivesWell defined theory can become the critical part in research and development. In this paper, we will discuss them briefly. New institutional theory (DiMaggio and Powell, 1983) provides adequate and developed possibilities to explain the connections of the context and the structure of e-HRM. Transaction cost theory(Williamson,1994) explains the structure and the connection of the economic consequences of e-HRM. In the other words, organization should consider the institutional arrangements according to the cost effectiveness.Example of using Electronic Human Resource Management In cost leadership objectives, cost reduction in different aspects such as reporting, monitoring the status of applications and transaction operation is the main concerned of many senior professionals. In order to reduce the administrative cost effectively and efficiently, computerization can exclude the layers of paper writing and decentralize administrative work. As a result, administrative standardization, accuracy and the controls will also be improved. Conclusion 2.Present the theories and models that you want to use to analyze the concepts or problems based on your real world experiences 3. Analyze the concepts or problems by using these theories and models 4. Present your conclusions Reference Pass, C. (2002),†How one company has embraced e-HR†,HR Focus,Vol. 79,pp. 1-3. Broderick, R. & Boudreau, J. W. (1992) Human resource management, information technology and the competitive edge, Academy of Management Executive, 6(2), 7-17. Lepak,D. P and Snell,S. A. (1998),†Virtual HR:Strategic human resource management in the 21st century†, Human Resource Management Review,Vol. , pp. 215-34 Hussain, Z. , Wallace, J. , & Cornelius, N. E. (2007). The use and impact of human resource information systems on human resource management professionals. Information & Management, 44, 74-89. Strohmeier, S. (2007), Research in e-HRM: Review and implications. Human Resource Management Review, 17, 19-37. Ngai, E. W. T. , Law, C. C. H, Chan, S. C. H. , & Wat, F. K. T. (2008), Importance of the Internet to Human Resource Practitioners in Hong Kong, Personnel Review, 37, 66-84. Huub and Tanya(2004)†E-HRM: Innovation or Irritation.An Explorative Empirical Study in Five Large Companies on Web-based HRM† Kirrane, D. E. (1990),†Machine learning†, Training and Development Journal,Vol. 4, pp. 24-9. Kumar, S. (2003),†Managing human capital supply chain in the internet era†, Industrial Managemen t & Data Systems, Vol. 103, pp. 227-37 Swart, J. and Kinnie, N. (2003),†Sharing knowledge-intensive firms†, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 60-75 Williamson, O. E. (1994). Transaction costs economics and organization theory. In N. Smelser & R. Swedberg (Eds. ), Handbook of Economic

Zora Neale Hurston How It Feels to Be Colored Me Quiz